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Indian Polity

By M Laxmikanth (Author)

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Indian Polity
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P-M-B-9781259064128
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About the Book :

Published in the year 2013, Indian Polity For Civil Services Examinations is a book that provides the readers with insight into important topics that need to be understood by students to clear the civil services examination.

Indian Polity For Civil Services Examinations has been designed to meet the requirements of students preparing for civil service examinations. This book covers the entire syllabus, which civil service aspirants need to understand.

This book has been divided into 11 parts, which include Constitutional Framework, Central Government, System of Government, State Government, Constitutional Bodies, Union Territories And Special Areas, Local Government, Non-Constitutional Bodies, Other Constitutional Dimensions, Political Dynamics, and Working of the Constitution.

The first part of the book deals with the historical background of the constitution, and throws light on fundamental rights, fundamental duties, citizenship, and features of the constitution. The second part deals with the parliamentary system, emergency provisions, special provision for certain states, inter-state relations, and the current status of Jammu & Kashmir. The third part provides insight into the central government by explaining the roles of the President, Prime Minister, and Vice-President. In the fourth part, students are provided detailed information on the state government, explaining the role of the Chief Minister, Governor, state council of ministers, subordinate courts, and high court.

In the fifth part, the readers are provided insight into the Panchayati Raj as well as urban local governments. The sixth part deals with union territories, and scheduled, and tribal areas. In the seventh part, the author throws light on the constitutional bodies, which include the finance commission, election commission, advocate general of the state, special officer for linguistic minorities, national commission for SCs, national commission for STs, and union public service commission.

The eighth part of this book throws light on the planning commission, national human rights commission, state human rights commission, lokpal, and lokayuktas, central vigilance commission, and state information commission. In the ninth part, the readers are provided insight into public services, anti-defection law, tribunals, and special provisions for ST’s, Anglo-Indian’s, minorities, and BC’s. In the tenth part, the readers are also provided insight into national integration, foreign policy, pressure groups, political parties, and elections. The eleventh part deals with the national commission’s plan to examine the constitution’s working.

In this third edition, the author also provides 7 appendices at the end of the book. The appendices cover topics such as table of precedence, definitions under the constitution, constitutional amendments at a glance, subjects of union, state, and concurrent lists, articles of the constitution, and ministries/departments of the central government. This edition of Indian Polity For Civil Services also comes with updated
UPSC preliminary, and main question papers as well.

Contents :

Part I

Constitutional Framework
1. Historical Background

    The Company Rule (1773–1858)
    The Crown Rule (1858–1947)
    Notes and References

2. Making of the Constitution

    Composition of the Constituent Assembly
    Working of the Constituent Assembly
    Committees of the Constituent Assembly
    Enactment of the Constitution
    Enforcement of the Constitution
    Criticism of the Constituent Assembly
    Notes and References

3. Salient Features of the Constitution

    Introduction
    Salient Features of the Constitution
    Notes and References

4. Preamble of the Constitution

    Text of the Preamble
    Ingredients of the Preamble
    Key Words in the Preamble
    Significance of the Preamble
    Preamble as Part of the Constitution
    Amendability of the Preamble
    Notes and References

5. Union and its Territory

    Union of States
    Parliament’s Power to Reorganise the States
    Evolution of States and Union Territories
    Notes and References

6. Citizenship

    Meaning and Significance
    Constitutional Provisions
    Citizenship Act, 1955
    Single Citizenship
    Notes and References

7. Fundamental Rights

    Features of Fundamental Rights
    Definition of State
    Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
    Right to Equality
    Right to Freedom
    Right Against Exploitation
    Right to Freedom of Religion
    Cultural and Educational Rights
    Right to Constitutional Remedies
    Writs—Types and Scope
    Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights
    Martial Law and Fundamental Rights
    Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights
    Present Position of Right to Property
    Exceptions to Fundamental Right
    Criticism of Fundamental Rights
    Significance of Fundamental Rights
    Rights Outside Part III
    Notes and References

8. Directive Principles of State Policy

    Features of the Directive Principles
    Classification of the Directive Principles
    New Directive Principles
    Sanction Behind Directive Principles
    Criticism of the Directive Principles
    Utility of Directive Principles
    Conflict Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
    Implementation of Directive Principles
    Directives Outside Part IV
    Notes and References

9. Fundamental Duties

    Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations
    List of Fundamental Duties
    Features of the Fundamental Duties
    Criticism of Fundamental Duties
    Significance of Fundamental Duties
    Verma Committee Observations
    Notes and References

10. Amendment of the Constitution

    Procedure for Amendment
    Types of Amendments
    Criticism of the Amendment Procedure
    Notes and References

11. Basic Structure of the Constitution

    Emergence of the Basic Structure
    Elements of the Basic Structure
    Notes and References

Part II
System of Government

12. Parliamentary System

    Features of Parliamentary Government
    Features of Presidential Government
    Merits of the Parliamentary System
    Demerits of the Parliamentary System
    Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System
    Distinction between Indian and British Models
    Notes and References

13. Federal System

    Federal Features of the Constitution
    Unitary Features of the Constitution
    Critical Evaluation of the Federal System
    Notes and References

14. Centre–State Relations

    Legislative Relations
    Administrative Relations
    Financial Relations
    Trends in Centre–State Relations
    Notes and References

15. Inter-State Relations

    Inter-state Water Disputes
    Inter-State Councils
    Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings
    Inter-State Trade and Commerce
    Zonal Councils
    Notes and References

16. Emergency Provisions

    National Emergency
    President’s Rule
    Financial Emergency
    Criticism of the Emergency Provisions
    Notes and References

Part III
Central Government

17. President

    Election of the President
    Qualifications, Oath and Conditions
    Term, Impeachment and Vacancy
    Powers and Functions of the President
    Veto Power of the President
    Ordinance-making Power of the President
    Pardoning Power of the President
    Constitutional Position of the President
    Notes and References

18. Vice-President

    Election
    Qualifications
    Oath or Affirmation
    Conditions of Office
    Term of Office
    Vacancy in Office
    Election Disputes
    Powers and Functions
    Indian and American Vice-Presidents Compared
    Emoluments
    Notes and References

19. Prime Minister

    Appointment of the Prime Minister
    Oath, Term and Salary
    Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister 1
    Role Descriptions
    Relationship with the President
    Chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers
    Notes and References

20. Central Council of Ministers

    Constitutional Provisions
    Nature of Advice by Ministers
    Appointment of Ministers
    Responsibility of Ministers
    Composition of the Council of Ministers
    Council of Ministers Vs Cabinet
    Role of Cabinet
    Role Descriptions
    Kitchen Cabinet
    Notes and References

21. Cabinet Committees

    Features of Cabinet Committees
    List of Cabinet Committees
    Functions of Cabinet Committees
    Groups of Ministers
    Notes and References

22. Parliament

    Organisation of Parliament
    Composition of the Two Houses
    System of Elections to Lok Sabha
    Duration of Two Houses
    Membership of Parliament
    Presiding Officers of Parliament
    Leaders in Parliament
    Sessions of Parliament
    Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
    Legislative Procedure in Parliament
    Joint Sitting of Two Houses
    Budget in Parliament
    Multifunctional Role of Parliament
    Ineffectiveness of Parliamentary Control
    Position of Rajya Sabha
    Parliamentary Privileges
    Sovereignty of Parliament
    Notes and References

23. Parliamentary Committees

    Meaning and Classification
    Notes and References

24. Parliamentary Forums

    Establishment of Forums
    Objectives of the Forums
    Composition of the Forums
    Functions of the Forums
    Notes and References

25. Supreme Court

    Organisation of Supreme Court
    Seat of Supreme Court
    Procedure of the Court
    Independence of Supreme Court
    Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court
    Supreme Court Advocates
    Notes and References"

Part IV
State Government

26. Governor

    Appointment of Governor
    Conditions of Governor’s Office
    Term of Governor’s Office
    Powers and Functions of Governor
    Constitutional Position of Governor
    Notes and References

27. Chief Minister

    Appointment of Chief Minister
    Oath, Term and Salary
    Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
    Relationship with the Governor
    Notes and References

28. State Council of Ministers

    Constitutional Provisions
    Nature of Advice by Ministers
    Appointment of Ministers
    Oath and Salary of Ministers
    Responsibility of Ministers
    Composition of the Council of Ministers
    Cabinet
    Notes and References

29. State Legislature

    Organisation of State Legislature
    Composition of Two Houses
    Duration of Two Houses
    Membership of State Legislature
    Presiding Officers of State Legislature
    Sessions of State Legislature
    Legislative Procedure in State Legislature
    Position of Legislative Council
    Privileges of State Legislature
    Notes and References

30. High Court

    Organisation of High Court
    Independence of High Court
    Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court
    Notes and References

31. Subordinate Courts

    Constitutional Provisions
    Structure and Jurisdiction
    Notes and Reference

32. Special Status of Jammu & K ashmir

    Accession of J&K to India
    Present Relationship Between J&K and India
    Features of J&K Constitution
    J&K Autonomy Resolution Rejected
    Group of Interlocutors for J&K
    Notes and References

33. Special Provisions for Some States

    Provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat
    Provisions for Nagaland
    Provisions for Assam and Manipur
    Provisions for Andhra Pradesh
    Provisions for Sikkim
    Provisions for Mizoram
    Provisions for Arunachal Pradesh and Goa
    Provisions for Karnataka
    Notes and References

Part V
Local Government

34. Panchayati Raj

    Evolution of Panchayati Raj
    73rd Amendment Act of 1992
    Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
    Pesa Act of 1996 (Extension Act)
    Notes and References

35. Municipalities

    Evolution of Urban Bodies
    74th Amendment Act of 1992
    Types of Urban Governments
    Municipal Personnel
    Central Council of Local Government
    Notes and References

Part VI
Union Territories and Special Areas

36. Union Territories

    Creation of Union Territories
    Administration of Union Territories
    Special Provisions for Delhi
    Advisory Committees of Union Territories
    Notes and References

37. Scheduled and Tribal A reas

    Administration of Scheduled Areas
    Administration of Tribal Areas
    Notes and References

Part VII
Constitutional Bodies

38. Eection Commission

    Composition
    Independence
    Powers and Functions
    Notes and References

39. Union Public Service Commission

    Composition
    Removal
    Independence
    Functions
    Limitations
    Role
    Notes and References

40. State Public Service Commission

    Composition
    Removal
    Independence
    Functions
    Limitations
    Role
    Joint State Public Service Commission
    Notes and References

41. Finance Commission

    Composition
    Functions
    Advisory Role
    Impact of Planning Commission
    Commissions Appointed
    Notes and References

42. National Commission for SC s

    Evolution of the Commission
    Functions of the Commission
    Report of the Commission
    Powers of the Commission
    Notes and References

43. National Commission for ST s

    Separate Commission for STs
    Functions of the Commission
    Other Functions of the Commission
    Report of the Commission
    Powers of the Commission
    Notes and References

44. Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities

    Constitutional Provisions
    Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities
    Role
    Vision and Mission
    Functions and Objectives
    Notes and References

45. Comptroller and Auditor General of India

    Appointment and Term
    Independence
    Duties and Powers
    Role
    Cag and Corporations
    Appleby’s Criticism
    Notes and References

46. Attorney General of India

    Appointment and Term
    Duties and Functions
    Rights and Limitations
    Solicitor General of India
    Notes and References

47. Advocate General of the State

    Appointment and Term
    Duties and Functions
    Notes and References


Part VIII
Non-Constitutional Bodies

48. Planning Commission

    Functions
    Composition
    Internal Organisation
    Personnel
    Programme Evaluation Organisation
    Critical Evaluation
    Notes and References

49. National Development Council

    Composition
    Objectives
    Functions
    Critical Evaluation
    Notes and References

50. National Human Rights Commission

    Establishment of the Human Rights Commission
    Composition of the Commission
    Functions of the Commission
    Working of the Commission
    Role of the Commission
    Performance of the Commission
    Human Rights (Amendment) Act,
    Notes and References

51. State Human Rights Commission

    Composition of the Commission
    Functions of the Commission
    Working of the Commission
    Human Rights Courts
    Notes and References

52. Central Information Commission

    Composition
    Tenure and Service Conditions
    Powers and Functions
    Notes and References

53. State Information Commission

    Composition
    Tenure and Service Conditions
    Powers and Functions
    Notes and References

54. C entral Vigilance Commission

    Composition
    Organisation
    Functions
    Jurisdiction
    Working
    Notes and References

55. Central Bureau of Investigation

    Establishment of CBI
    Motto, Mission and Vision of CBI
    Organisation of CBI
    Composition of CBI
    Functions of CBI
    CBI vs. State Police
    CBI Academy
    Notes and References

56. Lokpal and Lokayuktas

    Global Scenario
    Lokpal
    Lokayuktas
    Notes and References

Part IX
Other Constitutional Dimensions

57. Co-operative Societies

    Constitutional Provisions
    Reasons for the 97th Amendment
    Notes and References

58. Official Language

    Language of the Union
    Regional Languages
    Language of the Judiciary and Texts of Laws
    Special Directives
    Notes and References

59. Public Services

    Classification of Services
    Constitutional Provisions
    Notes and References

60. Tribunals

    Administrative Tribunals
    Tribunals for Other Matters
    Notes and References

61. Rights and Liabilities of the Government

    Property of the Union and the States
    Suits by or Against the Government
    Suits Against Public Officials
    Notes and References

62. Authoritative Text of the Constitution in Hindi L anguage

    Constitutional Provisions
    Reasons for the 58th Amendment
    Notes and References

63. Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

    Rationale of Special Provisions
    Specification of Classes
    Components of Special Provisions
    Notes and References

Part X
Political Dynamics

64. Political Parties

    Meaning and Types
    Party System in India
    Recognition of National and State Parties
    Notes and References

65. Elections

    Electoral System
    Election Machinery
    Election Process
    Notes and References

66. Electoral Reforms

    Committees Related to Electoral Reforms
    Electoral Reforms Before 1996
    Electoral Reforms of 1996
    Electoral Reforms After 1996
    Electoral Reforms Since 2010
    Notes and References

67. Anti-Defection Law

    Provisions of the Act
    Evaluation of the Act
    91st Amendment Act (2003)
    Notes and References

68. Pressure Groups

    Meaning and Techniques
    Pressure Groups in India
    Notes and References

69. National Integration

    Meaning of National Integration
    Obstacles to National Integration
    National Integration Council
    National Foundation for Communal Harmony
    Notes and References

70. Foreign Policy

    Principles of Indian Foreign Policy
    Objectives of Indian Foreign Policy
    Look East Policy of India
    Gujral Doctrine of India
    Nuclear Doctrine of India
    Notes and References

Part XI
Working of the Constitution

71. National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution

    Terms of Reference of the Commission
    Fifty Years of Working of the Constitution
    Areas of Concern: Commission’s Perception
    Recommendations of the Commission
    Notes and References

About the Author :

M. Laxmikanth is an author, and trainer.

Apart from this book, Laxmikanth has written Governance in India for UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination, Indian Polity, and Public Administration.

Laxmikanth completed his master’s degree from Osmania University in 1989. Following that, he started his own coaching academy, Laxmikanth’s IAS. Laxmikanth has a great deal of experience coaching civil service aspirants.

About the Book :Published in the year 2013, Indian Polity For Civil Services Examinations is a book that provides the readers with insight into important topics that need to be understood by students to clear the civil services examination.Indian Polity For Civil Services Examinations has been designed to meet the requirements of students preparing for civil service examinations. This book covers the entire syllabus, which civil service aspirants need to understand.This book has been divided into 11 parts, which include Constitutional Framework, Central Government, System of Government, State Government, Constitutional Bodies, Union Territories And Special Areas, Local Government, Non-Constitutional Bodies, Other Constitutional Dimensions, Political Dynamics, and Working of the Constitution.The first part of the book deals with the historical background of the constitution, and throws light on fundamental rights, fundamental duties, citizenship, and features of the constitution. The second part deals with the parliamentary system, emergency provisions, special provision for certain states, inter-state relations, and the current status of Jammu & Kashmir. The third part provides insight into the central government by explaining the roles of the President, Prime Minister, and Vice-President. In the fourth part, students are provided detailed information on the state government, explaining the role of the Chief Minister, Governor, state council of ministers, subordinate courts, and high court.In the fifth part, the readers are provided insight into the Panchayati Raj as well as urban local governments. The sixth part deals with union territories, and scheduled, and tribal areas. In the seventh part, the author throws light on the constitutional bodies, which include the finance commission, election commission, advocate general of the state, special officer for linguistic minorities, national commission for SCs, national commission for STs, and union public service commission.The eighth part of this book throws light on the planning commission, national human rights commission, state human rights commission, lokpal, and lokayuktas, central vigilance commission, and state information commission. In the ninth part, the readers are provided insight into public services, anti-defection law, tribunals, and special provisions for ST’s, Anglo-Indian’s, minorities, and BC’s. In the tenth part, the readers are also provided insight into national integration, foreign policy, pressure groups, political parties, and elections. The eleventh part deals with the national commission’s plan to examine the constitution’s working.In this third edition, the author also provides 7 appendices at the end of the book. The appendices cover topics such as table of precedence, definitions under the constitution, constitutional amendments at a glance, subjects of union, state, and concurrent lists, articles of the constitution, and ministries/departments of the central government. This edition of Indian Polity For Civil Services also comes with updated UPSC preliminary, and main question papers as well.Contents :Part IConstitutional Framework1. Historical Background    The Company Rule (1773–1858)    The Crown Rule (1858–1947)    Notes and References2. Making of the Constitution    Composition of the Constituent Assembly    Working of the Constituent Assembly    Committees of the Constituent Assembly    Enactment of the Constitution    Enforcement of the Constitution    Criticism of the Constituent Assembly    Notes and References3. Salient Features of the Constitution    Introduction    Salient Features of the Constitution    Notes and References4. Preamble of the Constitution    Text of the Preamble    Ingredients of the Preamble    Key Words in the Preamble    Significance of the Preamble    Preamble as Part of the Constitution    Amendability of the Preamble    Notes and References5. Union and its Territory    Union of States    Parliament’s Power to Reorganise the States    Evolution of States and Union Territories    Notes and References6. Citizenship    Meaning and Significance    Constitutional Provisions    Citizenship Act, 1955    Single Citizenship    Notes and References7. Fundamental Rights    Features of Fundamental Rights    Definition of State    Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights    Right to Equality    Right to Freedom    Right Against Exploitation    Right to Freedom of Religion    Cultural and Educational Rights    Right to Constitutional Remedies    Writs—Types and Scope    Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights    Martial Law and Fundamental Rights    Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights    Present Position of Right to Property    Exceptions to Fundamental Right    Criticism of Fundamental Rights    Significance of Fundamental Rights    Rights Outside Part III    Notes and References8. Directive Principles of State Policy    Features of the Directive Principles    Classification of the Directive Principles    New Directive Principles    Sanction Behind Directive Principles    Criticism of the Directive Principles    Utility of Directive Principles    Conflict Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles    Implementation of Directive Principles    Directives Outside Part IV    Notes and References9. Fundamental Duties    Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations    List of Fundamental Duties    Features of the Fundamental Duties    Criticism of Fundamental Duties    Significance of Fundamental Duties    Verma Committee Observations    Notes and References10. Amendment of the Constitution    Procedure for Amendment    Types of Amendments    Criticism of the Amendment Procedure    Notes and References11. Basic Structure of the Constitution    Emergence of the Basic Structure    Elements of the Basic Structure    Notes and ReferencesPart IISystem of Government12. Parliamentary System    Features of Parliamentary Government    Features of Presidential Government    Merits of the Parliamentary System    Demerits of the Parliamentary System    Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System    Distinction between Indian and British Models    Notes and References13. Federal System    Federal Features of the Constitution    Unitary Features of the Constitution    Critical Evaluation of the Federal System    Notes and References14. Centre–State Relations    Legislative Relations    Administrative Relations    Financial Relations    Trends in Centre–State Relations    Notes and References15. Inter-State Relations    Inter-state Water Disputes    Inter-State Councils    Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings    Inter-State Trade and Commerce    Zonal Councils    Notes and References16. Emergency Provisions    National Emergency    President’s Rule    Financial Emergency    Criticism of the Emergency Provisions    Notes and ReferencesPart IIICentral Government17. President    Election of the President    Qualifications, Oath and Conditions    Term, Impeachment and Vacancy    Powers and Functions of the President    Veto Power of the President    Ordinance-making Power of the President    Pardoning Power of the President    Constitutional Position of the President    Notes and References18. Vice-President    Election    Qualifications    Oath or Affirmation    Conditions of Office    Term of Office    Vacancy in Office    Election Disputes    Powers and Functions    Indian and American Vice-Presidents Compared    Emoluments    Notes and References19. Prime Minister    Appointment of the Prime Minister    Oath, Term and Salary    Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister 1    Role Descriptions    Relationship with the President    Chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers    Notes and References20. Central Council of Ministers    Constitutional Provisions    Nature of Advice by Ministers    Appointment of Ministers    Responsibility of Ministers    Composition of the Council of Ministers    Council of Ministers Vs Cabinet    Role of Cabinet    Role Descriptions    Kitchen Cabinet    Notes and References21. Cabinet Committees    Features of Cabinet Committees    List of Cabinet Committees    Functions of Cabinet Committees    Groups of Ministers    Notes and References22. Parliament    Organisation of Parliament    Composition of the Two Houses    System of Elections to Lok Sabha    Duration of Two Houses    Membership of Parliament    Presiding Officers of Parliament    Leaders in Parliament    Sessions of Parliament    Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings    Legislative Procedure in Parliament    Joint Sitting of Two Houses    Budget in Parliament    Multifunctional Role of Parliament    Ineffectiveness of Parliamentary Control    Position of Rajya Sabha    Parliamentary Privileges    Sovereignty of Parliament    Notes and References23. Parliamentary Committees    Meaning and Classification    Notes and References24. Parliamentary Forums    Establishment of Forums    Objectives of the Forums    Composition of the Forums    Functions of the Forums    Notes and References25. Supreme Court    Organisation of Supreme Court    Seat of Supreme Court    Procedure of the Court    Independence of Supreme Court    Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court    Supreme Court Advocates    Notes and References"Part IVState Government26. Governor    Appointment of Governor    Conditions of Governor’s Office    Term of Governor’s Office    Powers and Functions of Governor    Constitutional Position of Governor    Notes and References27. Chief Minister    Appointment of Chief Minister    Oath, Term and Salary    Powers and Functions of Chief Minister    Relationship with the Governor    Notes and References28. State Council of Ministers    Constitutional Provisions    Nature of Advice by Ministers    Appointment of Ministers    Oath and Salary of Ministers    Responsibility of Ministers    Composition of the Council of Ministers    Cabinet    Notes and References29. State Legislature    Organisation of State Legislature    Composition of Two Houses    Duration of Two Houses    Membership of State Legislature    Presiding Officers of State Legislature    Sessions of State Legislature    Legislative Procedure in State Legislature    Position of Legislative Council    Privileges of State Legislature    Notes and References30. High Court    Organisation of High Court    Independence of High Court    Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court    Notes and References31. Subordinate Courts    Constitutional Provisions    Structure and Jurisdiction    Notes and Reference32. Special Status of Jammu & K ashmir    Accession of J&K to India    Present Relationship Between J&K and India    Features of J&K Constitution    J&K Autonomy Resolution Rejected    Group of Interlocutors for J&K    Notes and References33. Special Provisions for Some States    Provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat    Provisions for Nagaland    Provisions for Assam and Manipur    Provisions for Andhra Pradesh    Provisions for Sikkim    Provisions for Mizoram    Provisions for Arunachal Pradesh and Goa    Provisions for Karnataka    Notes and ReferencesPart VLocal Government34. Panchayati Raj    Evolution of Panchayati Raj    73rd Amendment Act of 1992    Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions    Pesa Act of 1996 (Extension Act)    Notes and References35. Municipalities    Evolution of Urban Bodies    74th Amendment Act of 1992    Types of Urban Governments    Municipal Personnel    Central Council of Local Government    Notes and ReferencesPart VIUnion Territories and Special Areas36. Union Territories    Creation of Union Territories    Administration of Union Territories    Special Provisions for Delhi    Advisory Committees of Union Territories    Notes and References37. Scheduled and Tribal A reas    Administration of Scheduled Areas    Administration of Tribal Areas    Notes and ReferencesPart VIIConstitutional Bodies38. Eection Commission    Composition    Independence    Powers and Functions    Notes and References39. Union Public Service Commission    Composition    Removal    Independence    Functions    Limitations    Role    Notes and References40. State Public Service Commission    Composition    Removal    Independence    Functions    Limitations    Role    Joint State Public Service Commission    Notes and References41. Finance Commission    Composition    Functions    Advisory Role    Impact of Planning Commission    Commissions Appointed    Notes and References42. National Commission for SC s    Evolution of the Commission    Functions of the Commission    Report of the Commission    Powers of the Commission    Notes and References43. National Commission for ST s    Separate Commission for STs    Functions of the Commission    Other Functions of the Commission    Report of the Commission    Powers of the Commission    Notes and References44. Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities    Constitutional Provisions    Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities    Role    Vision and Mission    Functions and Objectives    Notes and References45. Comptroller and Auditor General of India    Appointment and Term    Independence    Duties and Powers    Role    Cag and Corporations    Appleby’s Criticism    Notes and References46. Attorney General of India    Appointment and Term    Duties and Functions    Rights and Limitations    Solicitor General of India    Notes and References47. Advocate General of the State    Appointment and Term    Duties and Functions    Notes and ReferencesPart VIIINon-Constitutional Bodies48. Planning Commission    Functions    Composition    Internal Organisation    Personnel    Programme Evaluation Organisation    Critical Evaluation    Notes and References49. National Development Council    Composition    Objectives    Functions    Critical Evaluation    Notes and References50. National Human Rights Commission    Establishment of the Human Rights Commission    Composition of the Commission    Functions of the Commission    Working of the Commission    Role of the Commission    Performance of the Commission    Human Rights (Amendment) Act,    Notes and References51. State Human Rights Commission    Composition of the Commission    Functions of the Commission    Working of the Commission    Human Rights Courts    Notes and References52. Central Information Commission    Composition    Tenure and Service Conditions    Powers and Functions    Notes and References53. State Information Commission    Composition    Tenure and Service Conditions    Powers and Functions    Notes and References54. C entral Vigilance Commission    Composition    Organisation    Functions    Jurisdiction    Working    Notes and References55. Central Bureau of Investigation    Establishment of CBI    Motto, Mission and Vision of CBI    Organisation of CBI    Composition of CBI    Functions of CBI    CBI vs. State Police    CBI Academy    Notes and References56. Lokpal and Lokayuktas    Global Scenario    Lokpal    Lokayuktas    Notes and ReferencesPart IXOther Constitutional Dimensions57. Co-operative Societies    Constitutional Provisions    Reasons for the 97th Amendment    Notes and References58. Official Language    Language of the Union    Regional Languages    Language of the Judiciary and Texts of Laws    Special Directives    Notes and References59. Public Services    Classification of Services    Constitutional Provisions    Notes and References60. Tribunals    Administrative Tribunals    Tribunals for Other Matters    Notes and References61. Rights and Liabilities of the Government    Property of the Union and the States    Suits by or Against the Government    Suits Against Public Officials    Notes and References62. Authoritative Text of the Constitution in Hindi L anguage    Constitutional Provisions    Reasons for the 58th Amendment    Notes and References63. Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes    Rationale of Special Provisions    Specification of Classes    Components of Special Provisions    Notes and ReferencesPart XPolitical Dynamics64. Political Parties    Meaning and Types    Party System in India    Recognition of National and State Parties    Notes and References65. Elections    Electoral System    Election Machinery    Election Process    Notes and References66. Electoral Reforms    Committees Related to Electoral Reforms    Electoral Reforms Before 1996    Electoral Reforms of 1996    Electoral Reforms After 1996    Electoral Reforms Since 2010    Notes and References67. Anti-Defection Law    Provisions of the Act    Evaluation of the Act    91st Amendment Act (2003)    Notes and References68. Pressure Groups    Meaning and Techniques    Pressure Groups in India    Notes and References69. National Integration    Meaning of National Integration    Obstacles to National Integration    National Integration Council    National Foundation for Communal Harmony    Notes and References70. Foreign Policy    Principles of Indian Foreign Policy    Objectives of Indian Foreign Policy    Look East Policy of India    Gujral Doctrine of India    Nuclear Doctrine of India    Notes and ReferencesPart XIWorking of the Constitution71. National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution    Terms of Reference of the Commission    Fifty Years of Working of the Constitution    Areas of Concern: Commission’s Perception    Recommendations of the Commission    Notes and ReferencesAbout the Author :M. Laxmikanth is an author, and trainer.Apart from this book, Laxmikanth has written Governance in India for UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination, Indian Polity, and Public Administration.Laxmikanth completed his master’s degree from Osmania University in 1989. Following that, he started his own coaching academy, Laxmikanth’s IAS. Laxmikanth has a great deal of experience coaching civil service aspirants.

Features

  • : Indian Polity
  • : M Laxmikanth
  • : Tata McGraw Hill
  • : 1259064123
  • : 9781259064128
  • : Paperback
  • : 696
  • : English

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